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- <text id=90TT2760>
- <title>
- Oct. 22, 1990: Blowing Off The "Bubble"
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Oct. 22, 1990 The New Jazz Age
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- NATION, Page 28
- Blowing Off the "Bubble"
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> At the heart of all the congressional squabbling over the
- budget is a bizarre quirk in the income tax code known as the
- "bubble."
- </p>
- <p> The bubble was created in 1986. To simplify the tax code,
- the old graduated system (in which there were as many as 15
- brackets, each subject to a differing marginal rate) was
- replaced by a new scheme with only two rates: 15% for
- low-income taxpayers and 28% for everyone else. But achieving
- that goal required some juggling. For most joint filers, for
- instance, income below $32,450 is taxed at the 15% rate. To
- ensure that those who make more kick in 28% on all their income,
- the government puts a larger bite on the high end of their
- earnings. So for the same joint filers, the marginal tax rate
- jumps from 28% to 33% on taxable income between $78,400 and
- $162,770. Then comes the odd part: it drops back down to 28%
- on income above that level.
- </p>
- <p> Is that a break for the rich? Not really, most G.O.P.
- lawmakers insist. Unlike low- and middle-income earners, joint
- filers with incomes above $162,770 cannot claim personal
- exemptions. They are also taxed at the full 28% rate even on
- their income below $32,450. With those considerations factored
- in, both middle-income and wealthy earners are supposed to wind
- up paying the same marginal rate of 28% on their earnings over
- $32,450.
- </p>
- <p> But try to explain that to people subject to the 33%
- marginal rate. Capitalizing on the widespread impression that
- the bubble gives a bonanza to the mansion-and-limousine set,
- House Democrats led by Ways and Means Committee chairman Dan
- Rostenkowski have proposed to puncture it. They would tax all
- income over $200,000 at the 33% rate and levy an additional 10%
- surcharge on income over $1,000,000. Though such hikes would
- apply to only about 740,000 taxpayers, the congressional joint
- tax committee reckons the change would bring in $4.2 billion
- in additional revenue in the current fiscal year and $44.3
- billion by 1995. It also has the political appeal of imposing
- a higher rate on the rich than on the less affluent.
- </p>
- <p> Most Republicans find the idea of raising income taxes
- anathema--unless they can get a capital-gains tax cut in
- exchange. That swap was contemplated during the long-running
- budget summit, but discarded as politically unfeasible. It
- resurfaced briefly last week, when Republican Congressman
- William Archer of Texas claimed that Bush had said "without
- equivocation" that he supported Archer's plan for lifting the
- top income tax rate to 31% while slashing the tax on capital
- gains to 15%. Once again the trade-off was shot down. The main
- reason: Archer's plan would lower taxes on incomes over $200,000
- by 6.6%. Given Democratic opposition to any formula that
- appears to favor the rich, Bush declared that pursuing such a
- compromise would be "a waste of time." Maybe so, but eventually
- Washington will have to find a plan that inflicts the pain of
- tax-paying on everyone--including the rich.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-